What is DNA and what is its importance in fertilization?
One of the most important functions of sperm is to deliver the man’s DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, into the egg cell during fertilization. DNA is the basis of the genome of all living cells. Its two strands contain instructions that determine the function and development of cells. Sperm DNA should be as good as possible so that fertilization results in a healthy, benign embryo.
What is sperm DNA fragmentation?
Sperm DNA fragmentation refers to breaks or damage in DNA that affect all sperm, impairs male fertility and affects the success of fertility treatments. Increased sperm DNA fragmentation also increases the risk of miscarriage.
Why is it worth testing for sperm DNA fragmentation?
Basic findings from a standard semen analysis, such as sperm count and motility, may be normal, but sperm may still have DNA breaks (DNA fragmentation) or a predisposition to DNA breaks. This can make it difficult to get pregnant, cause recurrent miscarriages and lead to unsuccessful IVF or ICSI treatments. Studies show that sperm DNA fragmentation can be a significant factor when the cause of infertility is not identified (so-called unexplained infertility). Therefore, assessing sperm DNA integrity can help identify the causes of infertility and recurrent miscarriages. The risk of increased sperm DNA fragmentation is known to be associated with, for example, the use of tobacco products, overweight and low dietary intake of antioxidants. DNA fragmentation increases as a man ages. The egg (oocyte) has a limited ability to repair sperm DNA damage, this ability also decreases as a woman ages.
Benefits of early testing
Our clinic collaborates with the Danish SPZ Lab to provide the most reliable DNA fragmentation test to assess the integrity of sperm DNA. The information provided by the test helps to choose an effective, individualized treatment plan. Identifying DNA fragmentation early in the treatment process allows for targeted interventions that can improve treatment outcomes. These interventions may include, for example, lifestyle changes, the use of vitamins or nutritional supplements, or other medical interventions. Correcting DNA fragmentation can increase the chance of success in fertility treatment.
If you are starting fertility treatments or have faced challenges such as unexplained infertility or recurrent miscarriages, or if you belong to a risk group for DNA fragmentation, we recommend discussing sperm DNA fragmentation testing with our experts.
DNA fragmentation occurs when sperm are stored in the epididymis, which is why we advise that the period of abstinence should not exceed two days prior to all treatments.
For more information about the sperm DNA fragmentation test, please contact our clinic.
